章元🚣🏿，甘徐沁. 銀行競爭與創業選址：新經濟地理學視角[J]. 世界經濟, 2024, 47(8): 168-198
Zhang Yuan, Gan Xuqin. Banking Competition and Entrepreneurial Location Choice: A Perspective from the New Economic Geography[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2024, 47(8): 168-198
作者及單位🏊🔭：章元，意昂2官网中國社會主義市場經濟研究中心；意昂2-平安宏觀經濟研究中心甘徐沁👨🏻🦼➡️，意昂2
內容簡介摘要：研究金融機構分布如何塑造經濟空間分布對新經濟地理學和製定區域發展政策具有重要的理論和現實意義。本文通過構建一個包含銀行部門的新經濟地理學模型,證明了銀行競爭提升會降低貸款利率,進而吸引更多企業進入;且該吸引力隨地區間貿易成本下降而加強。基於中國銀行網點和工商註冊企業創業選址數據的經驗研究發現,銀行競爭加強確實會顯著促進創業企業進入,使用城市商業銀行改革和中小銀行異地擴張沖擊作為工具變量的回歸結果依然穩健;理論模型刻畫的影響渠道在經驗研究中也得到支持。本研究有助於理解金融地理結構與創業選址和空間經濟分布間的關聯。
關鍵詞🎚：銀行競爭 創業選址 貸款成本 新經濟地理學
Abstract🟦：Investigating how financial system regional distribution shapes the spatial economic distribution is of paramount theoretical and practical importance for the New Economic Geography literature and the formulation of regional development policies. By adding a banking sector to the new economic geography model, this paper demonstrates that increased banking competition lowers the loan cost, attracting more firms to enter. This attraction is further strengthened when interregional trade costs are reduced. An empirical study based on data on Chinese banking outlets and the entrepreneurial location choice of registered firms reveals that banking competition significantly promotes entrepreneurial firm entry. The regression results using urban commercial banking reform and small and medium-sized banks’ off-site expansion shocks as instrumental variables remain robust. The channels of influence inscribed in the theoretical model are also supported by the empirical study. The paper contributes to understanding of the relationship between financial geographical structure, entrepreneurial location choice and spatial economic distribution.
Key words：banking competition, entrepreneurial location choice, loan cost, New Economic Geography
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